Razlika med normami in ubeseditvami norm zavezuje pravoslovce k obravnavanju pravnih norm kot danosti. Avtorica najprej osvetli pot, ki so jo tlakovali nekateri analitični filozofi jezika in ki vodi od pomena do danosti. Nato predstavi sklop problemov, ki nastanejo zaradi obravnavanja norm kot danosti. Ne glede na to, s katero vrsto danosti imamo opraviti, moramo razlikovati med merili prepoznave in primeri poposameznjenja tovrstnih danosti. V predstavljenem primeru abstraktnih danosti pa to razlikovanje pade. S tem, da avtorica zamenja pojma pomenske vsebine (...) in pomenskega obsega besed za vsebinski in obsežnostni vidik tega, o čemer govorimo, očrta tudi predlog metodološkega načrta za pravo in pravno teorijo. (shrink)

The distinction between norms and norm-formulations commits legal theorists to treating legal norms as entities. In this article, I first explore the path from meaning to entities built by some analytical philosophers of language. Later, I present a set of problems produced by treating norms as entities. Whatever type of entities we deal with calls for a clear differentiation between the identification and individuation criteria of such entities. In the putative case of abstract entities, the differentiation collapses. By changing the (...) notions of the intension and extension of words by extensional and intensional aspects of what we talk about, I outline a methodological programme for Law and Legal Theory. That programme is based in the identification of normativity. (shrink)

La distinción entre normas y formulaciones normativas lleva a los teóricos del derecho a tratar las normas jurídicas como entidades. En este artículo la autora explora el recorrido transitado por algunos filósofos analíticos del lenguaje, que va desde una noción de significado hasta la necesidad de entidades. Después, presenta un conjunto de problemas producidos al considerar las normas entidades. Sea cual sea el tipo de entidad que consideremos tiene que ofrecerse una distinción clara entre criterios de identificación y de individualización. (...) En el supuesto caso de las entidades abstractas la distinción se disuelve. A través de una sustitución de las nociones de intensión y extensión de las palabras, por las nociones de aspectos intensionales y extensionales de aquello de lo que hablamos, la autora bosqueja un programa metodológico para el derecho y la Teoría Jurídica. El programa se basa en un proceso dinámico de identificación de normatividad. (shrink)

This paper exposes an analysis of the poetics texts Sur by Diana Bellessi and Perrimontun by Maribel Mora Curriao. The article develops a perspective on the ethnic and gender diversity to which both texts allude. On the one hand, they refer the multiple mixed conformation of our continent, fueled by indigenous presence and increased by different migration processes, internal and external. On the other, these works point out to thesituation of women both within indigenous communities and in the (...) development of national states, in a review extended up to our days. (shrink)

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão sobre gênero como uma categoria para analisar relações de poder na sociedade mapuche, apresentando linhas interpretativas atuais, assim como antecedentes presentes nos registros históricos. A partir do desenvolvimento de diversas perspectivas, aponta-se que o gênero, como categoria de análise estabelecida por meio de visões eurocêntricas, contribui com interpretações que reproduzem as lógicas coloniais. Em seguida, convida-se a participar desta discussão as perspectivas que duas escritoras mapuche, Maribel Mora Curriao e Graciela Huinao apresentam (...) sobre o tema. Procura-se colocar as perspectivas em diálogo através das suas experiências e das suas obras literárias.Palavras-chave: Gênero. Colonialismo. Poetas Mapuche. AbstractThis article proposes a discussion about gender as a category to analyze power relations in mapuche society, presenting current interpretative lines, as well as antecedents present in historical records. From the development of different perspectives, it is pointed out that gender, as a category of analysis established from Eurocentric outlooks, contributes to interpretations that reproduce colonial logics. Then, it is invited to participate in this discussion the perspectives that two Mapuche writers, Maribel Mora Curriao e Graciela Huinao present on the theme. It seeks to put perspectives in dialogue through their experiences and their literary works.Keywords: Gender. Colonialism. Mapuche Poets. (shrink)

The so-called ‘hidden curriculum’ is often presented as a counterproductive element in education, and many scholars argue that it should be eliminated, by being made explicit, in education in general and specifically in higher education. The problem of the HC has not been solved by the transition from a teacher-centered education to a student-centered educational model that takes the student’s experience as the starting point of learning. In this article we turn to several philosophers of education to propose that HC (...) can be made explicit in HE when the teacher recognizes and lives his/her teaching as a personal issue, not merely a technical one; and that the students’ experience of the learning process is not merely individual but emerges through their interpersonal relationship with the teacher. We suggest ways in which this interpersonal relationship can be strengthened despite current challenges in HE. (shrink)

Besides their cardinal and proportional readings, many and few have been argued to allow for a ‘reverse’ proportional reading that defies the conservativity universal. Recently, an analysis has been developed that derives the correct truth conditions for this reading while preserving conservativity. The present paper investigates two predictions of this analysis, based on two key ingredients. First, many is decomposed into a determiner stem many and the degree operator POS. This predicts that other elements may scopally intervene between the two (...) parts. Second, non-reverse and reverse readings arise from the versatile association possibilities of POS, as independently witnessed in the grammar. In languages in which the same versatile association profile is granted to the superlative degree operator -est, reverse readings are expected to arise for most as well. Both predictions are borne out. (shrink)

In this paper we study the axiomatic system proposed by Bourbaki for the Theory of Sets in the Éléments de Mathématique. We begin by examining the role played by the sign \(\uptau \) in the framework of its formal logical theory and then we show that the system of axioms for set theory is equivalent to Zermelo–Fraenkel system with the axiom of choice but without the axiom of foundation. Moreover, we study Grothendieck’s proposal of adding to Bourbaki’s system the axiom (...) of universes for the purpose of considering the theory of categories. In this regard, we make some historical and epistemological remarks that could explain the conservative attitude of the Group. (shrink)

Every year in this country, some 10,000 college and university courses are taught in applied ethics. And many professional organizations now have their own codes of ethics. Yet social science has had little impact upon applied ethics. This book promises to change that trend by illustrating how social science can make a contribution to applied ethics. The text reports psychological studies relevant to applied ethics for many professionals, including accountants, college students and teachers, counselors, dentists, doctors, journalists, nurses, school teachers, (...) athletes, and veterinarians. Each chapter begins with the research base of the cognitive-developmental approach--especially linked to Kohlberg and Rest's Defining Issues Test. Finally, the book summarizes recent research on the following issues: * moral judgment scores within and between professions, * pre- and post-test evaluations of ethics education programs, * moral judgment and moral behavior, * models of professional ethicseducation, and * models for developing new assessment tools. Researchers in different professional fields investigate different questions, develop different research strategies, and report different findings. Typically researchers of one professional field are not aware of research in other fields. An important aim of the present book is to bring this diverse research together so that cross-fertilization can occur and ideas from one field can transfer to another. (shrink)

Preposed negation yes/no (yn)-questions like Doesn''t Johndrink? necessarily carry the implicature that the speaker thinks Johndrinks, whereas non-preposed negation yn-questions like DoesJohn not drink? do not necessarily trigger this implicature. Furthermore,preposed negation yn-questions have a reading ``double-checking'''' pand a reading ``double-checking'''' p, as in Isn''t Jane comingtoo? and in Isn''t Jane coming either? respectively. We present otheryn-questions that raise parallel implicatures and argue that, in allthe cases, the presence of an epistemic conversational operator VERUMderives the existence and content of the (...) implicature as well as thep/ p-ambiguity. (shrink)

Montague’s analysis of the well-known temperature paradox poses a problem for Gupta’s syllogism, whose surface syntax differs from the temperature syllogism in the addition of the intensional adverb necessarily. Lasersohn (2005) argues that the puzzle arising from these syllogisms can be solved if one adopts the Fregean presuppositional treatment of definite descriptions, and concludes that the temperature-Gupta puzzle provides an argument in favor of such treatment. This paper shows that the analysis of definite descriptions is in fact orthogonal to the (...) puzzle. Instead, it will be shown that the differences between the two syllogisms stem from the temporal interpretation of their premises. (shrink)

The neurobiology and development of human morality in light of evolution -- More than genes : human inheritances and the moral sense -- The dynamic self : emotions and development -- Moral heritage 1 : engagement of the heart -- Moral heritage 2 : communal imagination -- Undercare and the stress response : early life gone wrong -- The morality that stress promotes : self protective ethics -- Shifting moral mindsets -- Culture and imagination: cooperation or competition? -- Paths to (...) moral wisdom -- Common-self wisdom: fostering a good life for self and others -- The road to human excellence and flourishing. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with Noun Phrases (NPs, henceforth) occurring in two constructions: concealed question NPs and NP subjects of specificational sentences. The first type of NP is illustrated in (1). The underlined NPs in (1) have been called ‘concealed questions’ because sentences that embed them typically have the same truth-conditional meaning as the corresponding versions with a full-fledged embedded interrogative clause, as illustrated in (2) (Heim 1979).

Generalmente los comentadores han abordado la temática de la intuición en la filosofía de Spinoza desde la perspectiva de la problemática de lo que en la Ética aparece como ciencia intuitiva o tercer genero de conocimiento. En el presente artículo, en cambio, intentamos mostrar que hay en los escritos de Spinoza un concepto de intuición más amplio que el que está implícito en la ciencia intuitiva, del cual esta no sería más que una subespecie. Como paso previo para alcanzar dicho (...) fin, intentaremos mostrar que la concepción de la intuición que sostiene Spinoza está estrechamente emparentada con la concepción cartesiana -de la cual ofrecemos un breve esbozo en el primer apartado- y que ambas concepciones tienen como fundamento la naturaleza de la idea. Generally, critics had tackle the issue of intuition in Spinoza’s philosophy from the point of view of the problem of what in the Ethics is called intuitive science or third kind of knowledge. In the present paper, instead, we try to show that there is in Spinoza`s writings a wider concept of intuition than that which is implied in the intuitive science, being the later no more than a sub-kind of the former. As a previous step to achieve this target, we try to show that Spinoza`s conception of intuition is narrowly tied with the Cartesian conception -of which we offer a brief draft in the first part- and that both conceptions are based on the nature of the idea. (shrink)

El tratado metodológico de Spinoza, llamado Tratado de la reforma del entendimiento, introduce al lector con la declaración de un objetivo puramente ético, la obtención de la felicidad. La cual, identificada con la virtud, es también el objetivo último de la filosofía. Es evidente, a partir de dicha introducción, que existe una relación entre el método y la ética, pero su naturaleza no es del todo clara. Así pues, cabe preguntarse: ¿se trata de una relación que puede presentar algún tipo (...) de interés en la comprensión de la teoría ética de Spinoza, o es meramente una relación accidental? Dicho de otro modo, ¿los procedimientos metodológicos tienen una función constitutiva en la búsqueda de la virtud o se trata solo de una relación mediata y carente de interés filosófico? En el presente trabajo nos proponemos indagar cuál es la naturaleza de esta relación, partiendo de la hipótesis de que reviste un interés filosófico que es necesario clarificar. Con este fin abordaremos otras cuestiones en torno a la relación entre la virtud y el conocimiento, en especial en torno al modo en que dicha relación aparece planteada en la Ética de Spinoza. (shrink)

Empirical studies involve WEIRD (Western, European, industrialized, rich, democratic) but also un-nested (raised outside humanity's evolved nest) and underdeveloped participants. Assessing human moral potential needs to integrate a transdisciplinary approach to understanding species typicality and baselines, relevant evolutionary inheritances beyond genes, assessment of cultures and practices that foster (or not) virtue, and ecological morality. Human moral reason (nous) emerges from all of these.

Occupational health remains neglected in developing countries because of competing social, economic and political challenges. Ethical issues in the workplace related to the hazards and risks of becoming infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana , through the bite of naturally infected sand flies, is another area of concern that has been neglected as well. We report here the results of reviewing two entomological field studies carried out in our research center from 2003 to 2006. Eight students from our School of Biology (...) were invited to catch sand flies. A total of six of the eight (75%) developed a typical clinical picture of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) mexicana . In this article we identify the ethical issues related to these kinds of studies and propose some guidelines for conducting them. (shrink)

Occupational health remains neglected in developing countries because of competing social, economic and political challenges. Ethical issues in the workplace related to the hazards and risks of becoming infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana, through the bite of naturally infected sand flies, is another area of concern that has been neglected as well. We report here the results of reviewing two entomological field studies carried out in our research center from 2003 to 2006. Eight students from our School of Biology were (...) invited to catch sand flies. A total of six of the eight (75%) developed a typical clinical picture of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) mexicana. In this article we identify the ethical issues related to these kinds of studies and propose some guidelines for conducting them. (shrink)

"This collection provides an excellent introduction to three of the most important names in twentieth-century Spanish philosophy: Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955), and José Ferrater Mora (1912-1991). The thought-provoking work of these great contemporary philosophers offers a rich and penetrating insight into human existence. Originally written by Ferrater Mora in the middle of the last century, his interpretations of Unamuno and Ortega are considered classics, and the chapter on his own thought reflects his mature (...) thinking about being and death. Each essay is introduced by noted Ferrater Mora scholar J. M. Terricabras and contains updated biographical and bibliographic information." - Back cover. (shrink)

¿Cuáles fueron los mecanismos mediante los cuales se llevó a cabo la exclusión de herejes, apóstatas e innovadores en una sociedad islámica pre-moderna como la andalusí? ¿Cuáles fueron los mecanismos o las estrategias mediante los cuales los acusados de here-jía o desviación religiosa lograron no ser excluidos de la comunidad o, en el caso de ser-lo, consiguieron la reincorporación a su medio social y religioso? Este artículo busca dar respuesta a estas preguntas, basándose en estudios previos sobre las acusaciones de (...) apos-tasía, herejía, innovación y blasfemia que tuvieron lugar en al-Andalus. = What were the mechanisms by which exclusion of heretics, apostates and innovators operated in a pre-modem Islamic society, that of al-Andalus? What were the mechanisms or strategies by which those labelled as heretics or as religious dissenters managed not to be excluded or if they had been, managed to be reincorporated finto their social and religious milieu? This article seeks to provide answers to these questions, drawing on previous studies carried out on accusations of apostasy, heresy, innovation and blasphemy that took place in al-Andalus. (shrink)

En este artículo abordaremos el problema de la relación entre el Estado y el capital como una disputa abierta en la modernidad entre la política y la economía. Desde la perspectiva de la filosofía hegeliana de la historia y el derecho, analizaremos la manera en la que la economía tiende en su proceso estructural de expansión espacial global a subsumir y subordinar las funciones administrativas y jurídicas de las formas estatales previas al ciclo sistémico inglés de acumulación capitalista. Para esto (...) analizaremos primero la conceptualización hegeliana de la economía política, para después exponer la manera específica en que esta se traduce en una forma de comportamiento global determinado por los procesos de distribución diferencial del capital y así, finalmente, abordar la manera en la que la economía cumple sus funciones determinantes en la conformación del mercado mundial y la historia universal, teniendo siempre como referencia directa el tiempo histórico en el cual Hegel desarrolló sus reflexiones filosóficas sobre la economía. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo acercarse al pensamiento sensitivo de los medios de comunicación desde Marshall McLuhan. En términos generales, este acercamiento pretende relacionar, desde la consolidación tecnológica de la información, el cuestionamiento de los espacios tecnológicos a través de la extensión humana, y desde ahí descubrir si el panorama tecnológico trastoca aún hoy la extensión de nuestra corporeidad, en lo que McLuhan denominó “el nacimiento de una nueva nostalgia”. La reconfiguración de un nuevo escenario en el que los (...) aportes tecnológicos y científicos desempeñan hoy un papel determinante hace importante el diálogo entre la tecnología y la sociedad de manera más dinámica e integral, en la medida en que el conocimiento científico y el tecnológico son productos sociales (Bazzo). (shrink)

Introductory chapter to the book, Indigenous Sustainable Wisdom.

In (1b), for the most part induces a so-called Quantificational Variability Effect (QVE) on the NP the linguists from the East Coast, yielding roughly the interpretation ‘most of the linguists from the East Coast came to NELS’. We claim that the two constructions above differ in the domain where they apply, producing similar but not identical quantificational interpretations over the NP. In particular, we argue that most of the NPs applies to the nominal domain, while for the most part applies (...) to the verbal domain. Our claim is based on two sets of novel semantic data. First, we show that the distribution of most of the NPs is parallel to that of all the NPs in terms of its selective compatibility with collective predicates. To account for this data, we extend Brisson’s (1998, 2003) analysis of all the NPs to most of the NPs, concluding that most is an ∃-quantifier introducing a group of a certain proportion. Second, we show that, when for the most part gives rise to a QVE on a definite NP, the collective interpretation is not available. We develop a semantic analysis of for the most part as a verbal modifier that explains the lack of collective readings and that extends to interpretations other than QVE. The structure of the paper is as follows: in section 2, we introduce some general background on events and distributivity that are relevant to the current paper. In section 3, we propose the analysis of most of the NPs, followed by the analysis of for the most part in section 4. Section 5 concludes the paper and discusses further issues. (shrink)

Indigenous Sustainable Wisdom: First Nation Know-How for Global Flourishing’s contributors describe ways of being that reflect a worldview that has guided humanity for 99% of human history; they describe the practical traditional wisdom stemming from Nature-based relational cultures that were or are guided by this worldview. Such cultures did not cause the kinds of anti-Nature and de-humanizing or inequitable policies and practices that now pervade our world. Far from romanticizing Indigenous histories, Indigenous Sustainable Wisdom offers facts about how human beings, (...) with our potential for good and evil behaviors, can live in relative harmony again. Contributions cover views from anthropology, psychology, sociology, leadership, native science, native history, native art. (shrink)

This paper develops a framework for TAG (Tree Adjoining Grammar) semantics that brings together ideas from different recent approaches. Then, within this framework, an analysis of scope is proposed that accounts for the different scopal properties of quantifiers, adverbs, raising verbs and attitude verbs. Finally, including situation variables in the semantics, different situation binding possibilities are derived for different types of quantificational elements.

Music the art of combining sounds, maintains a sequence of time with harmony, melody and rhythm, generates changes in cognitive processes, improves concentration, memory, influences mood, produces changes in emotions, helps control anxiety, increases motivation, and decreases cortisol levels, the stress hormone, activates the hormone of happiness and rest, serotonin and melatonin. The objective was to analyze the influence of music in the purchase process and decision. The approach was qualitative-quantitative, exploratory level, descriptive statistics was applied to identify the main (...) trends and musical genres. The survey was carried out online, in the "La Condamine" market (November-December 2022). The sample 354 customers. The results of the investigation determined that customers enjoy listening to instrumental sounds in the food court, and in the vegetable, fruit and vegetable section; and the musical genre pop and/or reggaeton in the clothing section. The survey data was corroborated with the results of the biometric eyes tracking equipment in eight participants, attention, meditation and blinking were analyzed, with two sounds, sound 1: folk music and sound 2: pop; the average of the evaluations determined the level of acceptance of the participants for the musical genre, confirming the traditional survey with the results of the biometric equipment. Hearing goes beyond what can be perceived with sight and smell; there are sounds and melodies that connect us with emotions (laugh, cry, enjoy) and memories. It is concluded, (i) consider the musical genre according to the segment, (ii) the hours of greatest influx of customers, (iii) areas or sections of the market with greater or lesser product sales, (iv) slow music in places with more expensive products to extend their stay in the establishment. (shrink)

Belandria, Margarita Artículos El erotismo como experiencia vinculada a lo sagrado Eroticism as an experience linked to the sacred order Castrejón, Gilberto Laberintos de sabiduría: Entre la razón y el mito Labyrinths of the knowledge: Between the reason and the myth Espar, Teresa Hacia una noción de "globalización" Towards a globalization notion González R., Javier y Belandria, Margarita Filosofía, semiótica, y ritmo Philosophy, semiotics, and rhythm Hocevar, Drina Más allá del pensamiento determinante, el pensamiento reflexionante Beyond deterministic thought, reflexive thought (...) Maldonado, Rebeca La muerte como imaginario social: una mirada de la modernidad a la postmodernidad cultural Death as a social imaginary: A view modernity to cultural postmodernity Mora García, José Pascual El impacto de la ideología y la política en la cultura y el arte de la América Latina Ideological and political interference related to artistic and cultural creations in the Latin American ambit Peña, Edilio Ontología de la trascendencia Metaphysics of Transcendence Ramis Muscato, Pompeyo Sentido de una reforma general de la educación The meaning of a general reform on education Suzzarini, Andrés Traducciones H. Arendt y la idea del derecho moderno Renaut, Alain y Sosoe, Lukas Interdisciplinares Los personajes femeninos en las novelas de Alejo Carpentier Márquez Rodríguez, Alexis Gobernabilidad y constituciones (De la colonización a la emancipación Zambrano Labrador, Laurencio Recensiones Conozca al investigador: Elías Capriles Acercamiento a la obra: Individuo Sociedad y Ecosistema Velasco, Fabiola CDCHT. (shrink)

This article seeks to highlight two dimensions of ethics. Understood as aconcept that refers, initially, to a mode of being, and also alludes to an “ought to be”. Starting from this, the aim is to establish some basis to discuss the problems deriving from this double dimension of ethics, stemming from certain ancient Greek philosoph- ical ideas, in particular from Aristotle’s ethics and certain statements from modern philosophy, emphasizing some relevant concepts of Kant’s moral theory. Using said arguments, the final (...) purpose is to call attention to the dilemma in ethics. (shrink)

En este artículo se aborda la relación entre la demolición y el embellecimiento de París durante el siglo xix desde diferentes perspectivas literarias y filosóficas que permitan situar en diferentes contextos narrativos la interpretación de la ciudad como un espacio metropolitano signado por la autopercepción como capitale du xixe siècle. Desde los primeros planos trigonométricos hasta la noción de transformación, la imagen de la ciudad como un espacio privilegiado y representativo de la transformación del presente aparece con diferentes matices en (...) las obras de Voltaire, Verne, Hugo y Baudelaire, no solamente como una dimensión expresiva común, sino también como un espacio de conflicto de posición política, estética e ideológica. En este sentido, este trabajo se propone rastrear esas inflexiones, insistencias y resistencias a las formas concretas de la relación demolición/embellecimiento institucional. (shrink)

El presente artículo parte de la necesidad de reflexionar sobre la experiencia de lo nuevo en la historia humana y encuentra en el pensar heideggeriano sobre el comienzo y sobre el otro comienzo, en particular, un camino reflexivo que permite sincerar dicha experiencia. A partir del análisis de la relación íntima entre el otro comienzo y el primer comienzo, se mostrará una especie de “identidad” entre el acabar y el comenzar, lo que nos confrontará con el concepto de la contradicción, (...) desde la historia pensada por Heidegger. En función de la crítica y de la finalización de la metafísica, se pensará en el lugar de la contradicción en la historia del ser y se subrayará la tensión entre el pensar lógico y la mostración de este. Ello nos conducirá, finalmente, a destacar a la historia como un comenzar permanente, antes que como un proceso atravesado por la innovación y el progreso. (shrink)

The sunk cost cognitive bias, or sunk cost fallacy, is a human tendency to continue with: an investment, make a decision, business, couple or project based on the resources that have been invested, instead of making a current evaluation of the results. future benefits and costs. The objective of the research was to analyze the impact of sunk cost cognitive bias on customer decisions and its application in neuromarketing strategies. The specific objectives were: (i) Evaluate how sunk cost influences the (...) perception of the value of products or services. (ii) Identify marketing strategies that exploit the sunk cost bias. (iii) Propose strategies to apply the sunk cost bias in marketing. The results show that the sunk cost bias significantly influences the perception of the value of products and services, affecting purchasing decisions, depending on the educational level, gender, and income level that influence the continuity in the use of products and services. due to previous investment of time or money; When purchasing expensive items customers feel obligated to continue using paid more even if it is not useful and used in full. The continuity in prepaid subscriptions, the perception of discounts for large quantities as a way to make better use of money, the probability of participating in loyalty programs for the accumulated rewards, the preference for payments and flexible cancellation, create a valuable perception of products they have previously invested in, the preference for repairing expensive items, and the perception of loss from a previous investment. It is concluded that the sunk cost cognitive bias significantly influences the decisions and behavior of a vast majority of customers, and how companies can use this information to design effective marketing campaigns. (shrink)

Emotions are the fundamental pillar of neuromarketing, the perception of hedonic, utilitarian value, the emotions experienced by customers during the buying process and the effect the behavior of each stage is seen from the brain structures of the mind. The sample selected for the study was 354 real customers of supermarkets in the city of Riobamba and the sample of 8 participants with the use of eye tracking glasses in the store tour during this process. The results, in three stages (...) of the process system (inputs, processes and results) with the emotions involved in each stage. Stage I are: uncertainty, joy, anger/anger/anxiety, happiness, curiosity. The emotions in stages II and III are joy, surprise, satisfaction, security, and confidence and the emotions felt in the Evaluation Stage are satisfaction, exhaustion, demotivation, joy, and anger/anger/anxiety. There are hormones and neurotransmitters that are involved with emotions at different stages of the buying process. The right brain hemispheres are activated in negative emotions, left in positive emotions in all stages of the buying process. Brain structures are also activated at each stage of the buying process. The results of the Eye tracking in the comparative analysis analyzed Meditation, Attention and Blinking in the stages of the purchase process. It is concluded that repurchase and recommendation intentions are determined by positive emotions which, in turn, are determined by the hedonic and utilitarian value of the product and services that reduce negative emotions. (shrink)

Kant and Hegel, applauded the coming of the reason with the Illuminism, and soon after they structure it their own gnoseology. For it the gnoseology of Kant and Hegel, or said otherwise, the transcendental reason and the dialectical one, they are constituted in cosmovisions that allow to explain ..

This article is about reductionism; as a tendency of thought, reductionism tells us that the hole can be explained as the sum of its parts. From this principle, one can deduce that the properties and laws of complex systems can be explained by the laws and properties of simple systems. On the other ..